Drawing on a wide range of sources, including chronicles, liturgical works, books of customs, memorybooks, biblical commentaries, rabbinic responsa and community ledgers, this study offers a timely reassessment of Jewish community and identity during the frequently turbulent Reformation era. 'This volume offers us a variety of perspectives on sources both familiar and new. Its compact organization will invite the attention of nonspecialists as well as experts. One hopes that the book will inspire and encourage others to think creatively in the comparative, synthetic ways Bell obviously does.' Renaissance Quarterly 'One of the pleasures of Bell's work is that he has in a concise and persuasive way demonstrated precisely what he claims. From the first chapter to the last, this book is a well organized, clearly articulated analysis of the historiography and history of Jewish identity and memory in early modern Germany. This is no small task.' Shofar 'In this richly provocative book, Dean Phillip Bell challenges the view that pre-modern Jews, producing few works of formal history, did not think historically. Using a wide range of sources to demonstrate this awareness, Bell provides a comparative study of early-modern Jewish and Christian views of the past. ...This book is recommended for academic libraries.' Association of Jewish Libraries Newsletter 'Overall, this important book depicts Central European Jews much more as the children of their times and respective environments, than as a group that lived in a world apart, defined by a different sense of time and space.' Journal of Jewish Studies 'Bell relies on a wealth of primary sources, and he makes very complex and sophisticated arguments that lead to insightful conclusions on Jewish identity in the early modern period.' Sixteenth Century Journal