Dr. Philip J. Smith is a Professor in the Department of Integrated Systems Engineering at The Ohio State University and a Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. His research and teaching focus on cognitive systems engineering, human-automation interaction and the design of distributed work systems. This research has been supported by the FAA, NASA, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the U.S. Army and the U.S. Department of Education. Of particular significance has been his work on:

• The influence of brittle technologies on human-machine interactions.
• Constraint propagation as a conceptual approach to support asynchronous coordination and collaboration in the National Airspace System, including work on the design of airspace flow programs, coded departure routes, collaborative routing and the use of virtual queues to manage airport surface traffic.
• Interactive critiquing as a model to support effective human-machine cooperative problem solving through context sensitive feedback and the incorporation of metaknowledge into machine intelligence.
• Continuous adaptive planning.

Dr. Smith, his students and his colleagues have won numerous awards, including the Air Traffic Control Association David J. Hurley Memorial Award for Research in Collaborative Decision Making, the Airline Dispatchers Federation National Aviation Safety Award and best paper awards in Human Factors and Clinical Laboratory Science.

Hoffman is a recognized world leader in cognitive systems engineering and Human-Centered Computing. He is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Senior Member of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics and Engineers, and a Fulbright Scholar. His Ph.D. is in experimental psychology from the University of Cincinnati. His Postdoctoral Associateship was at the Center for Research on Human Learning at the University of Minnesota. He was on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Psychological Studies at Adelphi University. Hoffman has been recognized internationally in psychology, remote sensing, human factors engineering, intelligence analysis, weather forecasting, and artificial intelligence-for his research on the psychology of expertise, the methodology of cognitive task analysis, HCC issues for intelligent systems technology, and the design of macrocognitive work systems. A full vita and all of his publications are available for download at:

[www.ihmc.us/users/rhoffman/main].