Melchert traces the emergence of jurisprudence by ?ad?th, the personalization of the old regional schools in response, and finally the emergence of the classical, guild schools, with regular means of forming students, in the early tenth century.
Christopher Melchert, Ph.D. (1992) in History, University of Pennsylvania, is a student of Islamic movements and institutions of the ninth and tenth centuries C.E. He has published half a dozen articles besides this, his first book.
