Dr. Ali H. Al-Hoorie is an assistant professor at the English Language Institute, Education Sector, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. He completed his PhD degree at the University of Nottingham under the supervision of Professors Zoltán Dörnyei and Norbert Schmitt. He also holds an MA in Social Science Data Analysis from Essex University. His research interests include motivation theory, research methodology, and complexity. His publications have appeared in a number of journals including Language Learning, The Modern Language Journal, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, ELT J, Language Teaching Research, and Learning and Individual Differences. He is also the co-author (with Phil Hiver) of the upcoming book Research Methods for Complexity in Applied Linguistics and a co-editor (with Peter D. MacIntyre) of Contemporary Language Motivation Theory: 60 Years Since Gardner and Lambert (1959).

Peter D. MacIntyre is Professor of Psychology at Cape Breton University, Canada. He has published over 100 articles, chapters and books within the field of psychology of language and communication and has received awards for teaching excellence (Atlantic Association of Universities), for contributions to the study of language (the Gardner Award and the Mildenberger Prize) and awards for service to students and the community.