Mathematical morphology especially watershed algorithm based image segmentation has been found to occupy an important place in the second level of digital image processing. The output segmented images should be suitable and conducive to the computer machines for subsequent processing. Already a few standard algorithms have been invented and have been established without any apparent pitfall in them. In spite of the quality of their studies, there are a lot of scopes and subareas which are apparently non exhaustive and may still left for further studies. This book aims at to carry out research studies on these aspects which are felt by the authors unexplored. All these aspects have been studied theoretically followed by computer software (MATLAB various versions available from time to time) based experimentations. The same have been carried out on the digital images imported from standard databases as well as real life images. Apart from this, the book has placed a sincere attempt by filling of the voids in the existing ones and thus fills up the vacant rooms in mathematical morphological based image segmentation.