Most research on Ukrainian nationalism in the 20th century focuses on the OUN and UPA and their armed struggle for Ukraine's independence. Ernest Gyidel's book stands apart. It deals with a little-studied page in the history of nationalism, namely its public expression in the legal press under German occupation in World War II. He uses Krakivski Visti (Cracow News)-the leading Ukrainian newspaper of the General Government-as a case study due to its unique status of being less constrained by German censorship.

Gyidel walks us through a variety of nationalistic expressions, from articles attacking Poles, Jews, and Russians to texts celebrating great Ukrainian writers, commemorating the national sacrifice, and discussing the threats of mixed marriages. He reminds us that the history of Ukrainian nationalism was written not only by people with guns and bullets but also with typewriters and printed words.

This book is a reminder that the history of Ukrainian nationalism was written not only by people with bullets but also with the printed word.

"This carefully researched and conceptually astute monograph focuses on collaboration. It examines the Ukrainian-language newspaper Krakivski Visti, published under German occupation during the Second World War. It shows how its editors and writers tried to balance their own goals with the goals of the Germans. On some issues they found common ground, e.g., antisemitism. But, to the extent that German censors allowed, the paper also pursued the aim of Ukrainian nationbuilding. Gyidel does not portray the newspaper in black and white. He is frank about its nasty propaganda, but he also sifts through the content to find genuine contributions to Ukrainian intellectual history."

-Dr. John-Paul Himka is a Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Alberta in Edmonton