NATHANIEL DEUTSCH is Distinguished Professor of History and Baumgarten Endowed Chair in Jewish Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is the author of a number of award winning books, including The Jewish Dark Continent: Life and Death in the Russian Pale of Settlement, for which he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

ALMA RACHEL HECKMAN is an associate professor of history at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is the author of The Sultan's Communists: Moroccan Jews and the Politics of Belonging.

TONY MICHELS is the George L. Mosse Professor of American Jewish History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author of A Fire in Their Hearts: Yiddish Socialists in New York, which won the Salo Baron Prize for Best First Book in Jewish Studies.