This book explores the transformative potential of solar evaporation in addressing critical global challenges related to water, energy, and resource sustainability. By delving into the fundamental principles of photothermal conversion, heat and mass transport, and phase transition dynamics, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the technology's mechanisms. Readers will find particular interest in the detailed discussions on advanced material selection, innovative structure designs, and cutting-edge simulation techniques, which are essential for optimizing energy conversion and system efficiency. The book is enriched with illustrative diagrams, and case studies that simplify complex concepts and offer practical insights. A key benefit for readers is the ability to apply these principles to real-world applications, such as clean water production, renewable energy generation, and resource extraction, fostering scalable and sustainable solutions. This work is an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers seeking to advance and implement solar-driven technologies in the water-energy-resource nexus.