The book deals with Deleuze's critique of Aristotle's and Hegel's conceptions of the relationship between the concepts of Identity and Difference. First, Aristotle's conception of Identity and Difference is presented, based on the exclusion of contradiction from the domain of thought and being. Next, Hegel's critique of Abstract Identity is addressed and the Hegelian concept of Absolute Identity is presented. Finally, the book exposes Deleuze's critique of finite and infinite representation in order to introduce the Deleuzian concept of Pure Difference.